Shock absorber



Jan. 19 1926.

B. T. PHILLIPS SHOCK ABSORBER Filed Jan. 26, 1925 s Sheets-Sheet 1 Jan. 19 1926. v

I B. T. PHILLIPS SHOCK ABSORBER Filed Jan. 2 1925 I5 Sheets-Sheet 2 I A ZOR'NEY Jam 19 1926.

B. T. PHILLIPS SHOCK ABSORBER Filed Jan. 2 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet :5

Patented Jan. 19,1926.

* j UNITED *s T rEsPAT NT "OFFICE.*-,;-

BERTRAM 'r. PnILLIrs'oF CLEVELAND, onmjn'ssrenon roIwI Lr MH.nnennsy i oFcLEvnLAnn, onro, I

L snocK ABsoaBnn;

- Application filed J'a uar' ec, 1925. Serial no. 4,702.

To all whom it may concern: .7

Be it known that I, -BERTRAM T. PHILLIPS, a citizen of the'United States,.residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Shock Absorb ers, of which the following is a specifica tion.

This invention relates in general toshocl; absorbers, and more particularly to such devices for use on automobiles.

One object of the invention is to construct a shock absorber to be connected .to .two members movable relative to each other, which will automatically adjust itself at once to any change in the original relative position of the members,'thereby maintaining substantially uniform tension on th'etwo members. l

,Anot-her objectis to construct a shock absorb ing device amount of free, unrestrained relative movement of the members toward or away from; 'each other and resist a greater amount of stant the tension of the device onthe frame and axle, and which will permitlimited, free or unrestrained movement of the frame, with respect to the axles, at all leads. A further object is to construct a shock absorber for an automobile which-can be manually adjusted and thereby rendered suitable for use on automobiles of different,

predetermined weightsor loads, and which will automatically adjust itself to variations v a given load any changes in the originallo'ad" from any such predetermined-load to permit limited, free and unrestrained relative movement of the frame and axle under such load. A further object isjto constructa shock absorber for an automobile which maybe manually adjustedfor automobiles ofdiffer ent predeterminedweights or loads, which will automatically adjust itself to variations from any such predetermined weights or loads to permit limited, free and'unrestrainedrelative movementof the frame and axle, under such load, and whichv will frictionally resist movement of the frame. in

for two relatively movable members, which; will permit a limited' .in, the load on the vehicle.

1 taining the predetermined I one direction, relativeto the axles and in excessof the-said limited movement, under any variations of predetermlned load or vweight. j I Y r Y.

A still further object is to construct-[25,? shock; absorber for use on automobiles equipped with balloontires, which will not resist thenormal; functioning of the automobile springs when 'the automobile is jmov ing over a moderately uneven roadway,-:Ebu't 651i which will'resist excessive andtherefore undesirable .rebound" shocks caused whenever the automobile encounters obstacles ordepressions that} are sufliciently large topro ducesudden movement of the automobile 793 body toward or-awayffrom the axles.

Another object is to provide ae ne'wand improved form f clamp for securing :a shock absorbing cableto an automobile axle Other objects will appear and be pointed;

outhereinafter, In shockabsorbers, and particularly those heretofore constructed for. use on automo-f bflesvno P O- ision has eve f been-madeso' far as'I' am aware, fora,limited amountiof Q free and substantially unrestrained :movle-.' ment of the automobile frame, bodysor: sill, relative to the axle throughout ':the 1if eof-. the absorber. ;After such devices ar'efginstalled tension is constantly maintainedube-i interferes withor in some cases practicallyj destroys the free play or 'spri'ng'action'of the' springs. With my device, however, .provi-.

the springs at all times V Furthermore in prior art devices no pros visionv has been made for the automatic ad-: justment of a shock absorber to variations.

vice adjustedat the time of installation-for interfere with the proper functioninguof;

the device either by makingthe tension too enough with 'an increased load. By myiinvention', however, I" have provided a shock absorberwhich automatically adjusts it-" self to variations in the original load'and thus provides, at all times for free "and unrestricted limited play or relative movement of the automobile Iframeand axle rela tive to each other, while continually mainrestraining power of the device.

853. 2 tween'the' autom'obileframe and axle'iwhich'" I 'sion is madejtopermit'limited free play of. j

' With such'a de-,

I taken onlined-e of Fig. 2;

Figs. 5 and 6 are, respectively, top and side elevational views of the pawl and associated parts employed in the device shown: in'FigS. 7 and 8 Figs. 7 and 8 are views corresponding to Figs.- 2' and'3,'but showing a modified form *of the device embodying my invention;

Figs. 9 and 10 are enlarged detailed views of amodified form of pawl-like member and cam' which may be used to replace the corresponding members shown in Figs. 2 and 3;

Figs. 11 and 12 are, respectively, cross sectional and side elevational views of a modified form of pawl and ratchet, and

Figs: 13 and 14- are enlarged elevational views showing a clamp constructed in accordance with. my invention for attaching the cable of a shock absorber to an axle.

- Referring first to Figs. 1- to 4:, inclusive, 1 indicates a shell or casing having a disclike bottom or back2 and? an annular peripheral flange 3. The shell is preferably provided with an integral projection 4 suitably shaped to be connected directly or indirectly' to an automobile side frame or sill 5; 7 Obviously this projection need not be integral. with the shell but may be separately formed and suitably secured thereto. Projecting through an opening 6 disposed centrally of the shell 1 is a stud 7, which may be sufliciently long to extend through the shell '1, projection 4i and the automobile sill 5,

and to receive a nut on the threaded inner end 8 to secure the shell in position on the sill. The stud has a shoulder or enlargement 9 formed thereon within the shell and at its outer end is reduced as at 10 to receive a cover plate 11 and threaded as at 13', the cover plate being held in place by tlinut 12engagingthe' threads 13 and washer Azn outer annular member 15 is disposed in the shell. and rotatably carried by antifriction bearings supported by an inner ann-u'lar member 16, presently to be described. The outer surface of the outer annulus 15 is provided with two circumferentially extending grooves 17 and 18 in the former of which a wire cable 19 is seated, the end of the cable being secured to the annulus by any suitable means, for example, by a hollow lug 20 having a hole sufllciently large to permit passage therethrough of the cable alone, but not of the cable when enlarged as shown at 21. This cable 19 substantially encircles the annulus and projects through a hole 22 suitably provided in the peripheral wall 3' of the shell. In the other circumferential groove 18 a coil spring 23 may be disposed, one end of the spring being attached to the member 15 as by means of a pin 24 secured thereto and the other end of the spring being similarly secured to the sidewall of the shell by pin. It will be understood that the spring is so disposed on the annular member, with respect to the cable, that when the cable is pulled out of the shell. and then released, the spring will restore the annular member toits original position. A thin sheet metal strip 26 at tached to pin and extending under the spring 23 may be used to facilitate the contractile action of the spring if desired. Means other'tha n the spring 23 may be employed to return the outer annulus to its original position, as will be understood.

The inner annular member 16 which carrice the antifriction bearings 27 is provided. with a suitable circumferential groove 28' for the bearings, the inner surface of the outer annular member 15 being provided with a similar groove 29. The antifriction means 27 herein shown are preferably spherical ball bearings suitably spaced apart from each other by the usual. ball spacers 27 Rollers may obviously be substituted for the ball bearings to perform the same function. as the latter.

The inner annulus 16 is preferably formed with a disc 30 integral therewith which disc may have formed at its center an upstanding hollow sleeve 31 suitably sized'to have a bearing on the enlarged portion 9 of the: stud 7. The disc may have bearing engagement with the adjacent surface of the shell 1. he disc 30 is provided with a number of circumferentially arranged perforations 32 which cooperate with spring pressed cylindrical pawl carried by shell 1 to engage in the perforations 32. The pawl or plunger 33 is formed with an outer end surface inclined at an acute angle to the length thereof so that when the annulus 16 rotatesin one direction the pawlv will be pressed back into the recess against its spring and the disc thus permitted to slide thereover, while, when rotated in the reverse direction, the pawl will engage in one of theholes 32 in the disc, thereby preventing further rotation of the member, 16 with its disc 30;

Disposed within the inner annular member 16 is a disc-like metal friction member 3st, and a similarly shaped disc 35 of substantially the same area arranged between disc 30 and member 34 and composed of leather or other friction producing material. A. disc 36 similar to member 35 is disposed. the outer side of member 34. This plate 37 is keyed to the sleeve 31-as by ankey 38 formed thereon to cooperate with a corresponding keyway 39 in the sleeve. The outer surface of the, sleeve 31 is threadedand a nut 40 is screwed thereon 1D. engagement with a spring metal disc41, theouter .pe-

riphery of which bears against the plate 37.

The friction member 34 has-an upstanding arm 42 provided with fibre, felt, or other noiseless material 43, to engage with either i of two spaced projections .44 on the inner the ratchet wheel may move oppositely disposed, one only being in en-' ratchet wheel.

gagement with a tooth on the at any given time, while the otherremains midway between two ratchet/teeth, thereby providing for a finer adjustment than when the full disits teeth before en- A spring 49' encir-v and pawls 49 and tance between two of gaging with a pawl. cling the ratchet wheel seated in grooves in the pawls serves to;

maintain the latter in contact with the ratchet wheel. a i

It'will be understood by those skilled in the art that the'device shown in Figs.- 2

and may be changed from a left handed handedone, so as; to be.

device to a right utilized on either side of an automobile,"by simply disassembling the parts within the casing to permit the pawl 33" to be rotated approximately 180, and in the device of Figs. 11 and 12 by-rotating the pawls about 180. 1 i i It will be understood from the foregoing description that although, I prefer to emloy annular members 15 and "16 provided with ballb'earings therebetween, I do not regard such construction as essential, since ,it 18 only necessary that the inner and outer members be rotatable. For example, the annular members 15 and'"16 may well be constructed as segments of a circle rather than as complete circles. understood as limiting my. invention to the particular form of friction members,since obviously various other shapescould be employed satisfactorily.

The operation of the device just described is substantially as follows:

between a. thin 'metal plate 137; and I annulus 15 in either: direction,

49 in either direction,- de- I act freely Within the member by the spring to permit the same Neither'do Iwish to be The deviceis secured to =an automobile,

as shown in'Fig'. :1', and nut 40 ismanually adjusted to produceithe necessary; friction between members .34, 35, 36 andg37 as determinedby the loader-weight of the car.

.Limited movements of the cable through the shell as causedby movement of the sill and axle relativeto each :other rotate the outer the distance of free rotation depending upon the distance between the inwardly extending projections or cams 44 on the outer annulus and the upstanding arm' 42 of is only resisted by the coil spring 23. When, however, 'the movementofthe cable is increasedsuflici'ently to rotate theouter annular member beyond the point where one of the cams engages the arm 42,,thenthe cam bears against, the arm and moves the latter and-rotates the friction memberconting ,of the friction member corresponding to the new load in the car, whetherit be greater or less than'ithe original load. After any such automatic repositioning of the friction member the j annulus 15 can again limited extent provided bythe spacing of projections 44 on either side of arm 42. Depending uponthe position of the spring pressed pawl 33, movement of the friction member in one of these two directions will be free and unresisted, since annulus 16 and members 34, 35,136, 37 40 and 41' rotate as a unit, while movement in the other directionwill be against the the friction member. Y Such rotational movement of the member 15 I nected thereto, thereby effecting a new setwith these frictional force exerted upon the friction disc 41, and-friction parts 35 and 36, the annulus '16 and parts 37,40 and '41 being held fixed by'pawl 33,

while friction member 34' is rotated between parts 35 and 36.

and forth without movement of the friction member will, as slight movements of the automobile sill and axle relative to each other, as may benecese sary whenthe-vehicle ispassing over a road.- way which is only slightly uneven; greater movement mentioned above, permit,

"The movement of the outer annuluslbackf I A of the outer annular mem-.

her, for example, when the load of theauto mobile is changedasbybne or more per? sons getting-into :or out ofithe automobile, will move the friction member with it so as. free and unrestrained relative movement of the; sill and, axle over I slightly uneven roadway. withthe new load.

When the roadway becomes more uneven or rougher so that disagreeable shock or rebound would be transmitted-to thebody of the automobile, the greater rotational move-i ment of the outer annulusdue'thereto in one direction andfiin excess of the'limited free movementwill be resisted'by the friction member.- v V From the foregoing it will be seen that I have provided a shock absorbing device which will (a) permit free and unrestrained limited movement of two members relative to each other, (5) automatically adjust itself to variations in the initial load imposed on the two cooperating members or to the relative positions of the members, ((2) resist abnormal movement of two members in one direction relative to each other and (d) which may be manually adjusted for widely different loads.

Referring now to the modification shown in Figs. 9 and 10, I have shown a modified form of arm which may be used instead of the arm 42 of Figs. 2 and 3. This arm l5 extends upwardly from the friction plate 34 and then outward radially to engage with suitably shaped cams 46 carried by the outer annulus 15. The upper surface of the outwardly projecting portion of this arm may be sloped from either edge towards the center thereof to provide inclined surfaces 47 which engage similarly inclined surfaces 48 on the cams 46. hen the outer annulus 15 turns to bring one. cam into contact with the arm 45 the sloping surface 48 of the cam engages the top f? of the arm 45, and when the annulus is rotated in the opposite direction the other cam similarly engages with the other surface 1-7 of the arm 4-5. The contact of the cams with th arm is thus rendered substantially noiseless without the use of any sound proof material, such as fibre, felt, etc., since the sloping surfaces will engage one another with a sliding noiseless contact rather than with the sound of a direct blow where two parallel surfaces are brought together.

Referring now to Figs. 5 to 8, inclusive, I have shown a shell 50 having a rearwardly extending portion 51 to be connected to an automobile sill, and a shouldered stud 52 which may bear against the inner face of the shell and extend therethrough and through the sill, and be threaded at thefar end to receive a nut to bear against the sill and secure the shell in place. The c asing or shell 50 has upstanding peripheral side walls 53 and carries a cover plate 54:. Within the shell is disposed an annular member 55 provided on its outer surface with circumferentially extending grooves 56 and 57 to receive a cable 58 extending through the side wall of the shell and secured at one end to the annulus 55 In the other groove 57 may be disposed a coil spring 59 secured at one end to the annulus 55 and at the other end to the side Wall of the shell. The foregoing structure is similar in substantially all respects to that described hereinabove and shown in Figs. 1 to inclusive. Vithin the shell and bearing against the inner surface thereof is a leather or other disc-like member 60 composed of suitable friction material. An inner annular member 61 carrying on its outer surface suitable antifri-ction means 62, which engage the inner surface of the outer annulus 55, has a disc-like portion extending inwardly therefrom, which portion bears against the friction disc with one surface and against another friction disc '64 with the other surface. A metal disc 65 is keyed to the stud 52 and a spring disc 66 surrounds the stud and is adjustable with respect to the disc by means of a nut 67 which engages the threaded end of the stud 5-2. The nut may be manually adjusted on the stud to increase or decrease the spring force of the member 66 against the disc 65 and correspondingly to alter the frictional resistance offered by the members 60 and 64 to rotation of the inner annular member relative thereto. A pawl 68 is loosely carried between the spring disc 66 and the nut 67 and extends radially outward beyond the inner annulus 61. Its outer end 69 is preferably rounded to engage in teeth 70 formed in the inner edge of the inner annular member 61. The outer annulus carried two cams 71 spaced apart from each other having, respectively, oppositely inclined surfaces to engage with the rounded end of the pawl. Movement of one cam toward the pawl will raise the pawl out of a tooth 70, lift it thereabove and may carry it therebeyond. The other cam has a surface bearing against the outer side of the rounded end of the pawl to force the latter into engagement with a tooth when the annulus is rotated.

The operation of the device shown in Figs. 5 to 8, inclusive, resembles that of the device shown in Figs. 1 to 4:. The cams 71 being spaced apart from each other, permit limited rotational movement of the outer annular member without disturbing the pawl or the inner annular member. Movement of the outer annular member in one direction, beyond the limited free movement permitted by the cams, will result in movement of the inner annular member under the force of the pawl 68 and cam 71 between the friction members 60, 64, 65 and 66, and relative thereto, and will be frictionally resisted by these members. Rotational movement of the outer annulus in the opposite direction beyond the permissible free play amount results in movement of the pawl with respect to the inner annulus and, in effect, constitutes pawl.

In Figs. 13 and 14 I have shown a clamp especially suited for securing a shock absorber cable to the axle of an automobile, although the device is of general utility in securing rope or cable to members of vari ous shapes. The clamp consists of two sub stantially similar parts 80 each of which a resetting of the has a portion'Sl extendingon one side of the sill 5" and an upright portion 82 curved to correspond to the edge of the'flang'e 5 of the sill and bearjonthe sloping surface 5 thereof. Preferably the portion" 82 is bifurcated at its freeend to receive therope or cable" 19, the cable resting in 'a" groove 83 in the members-80 which groove isof 'lessdepth thanthe diameter of the cable 19, .so' that with the'cable andparts 80 in the position shown in Figs. li and 12, these parts may clainpthe cable IQagainst the side of the sill 5 or both when the nut '85 is tightened'on the bolt 84, which extends through'both of the members SO and draws the latter together; [It'will be noted that clearance is provided' between the sill 5 and all of theadj acentsurfaces of' members 80, sothatmovementbf the m'embersBO toward one another 'onbolt 84: is permitted and may be followed by movement of the members 80 toward the side and edgeof the sill.

Having thus described my invention so that those skilled in the art may beienabled to practice the same, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is defined in what is i c'laimed,'it; being understood that various changes and alterations ,not amounting to invention may be made in the structures hereinabove shownfand described in detail without 'departing' from the spirit Yof invention. f r

in v VVhatis claimed is": "1. shock absorber comprising in' combination an annular member, two-relatively movable members, the said annularmember and'the second'of the said two relatively. movable members being rotatable inieither direction, theffirst of said two "relatively, movable members being rotatable in one v direction only, interengaging means on the said annular member andthe second of-the said relatively movable members to permit limited movement of the said members with respect to each other and tocause simulta neous movement of the two members be: yond the limited amount of} movement permitted by the interengaging parts, and

means cooperating with the saidtwo relatively movable members for fritionally resisting rotationof the said annular inemi ber beyond the said-limited amount, 7 r

2. A shock absorber comprising in 'combr nation an annu'lar member and a frictional member operativelyv connected1v together for i limited relative movement the gtwo mem bers being freely rotatableltogether"inone direction, the said frictionmember being rotatable with, butfrictionally restraining I unlimited rotational] movement ,of I the said annular. member in the, otherv direction A shock absorber comprising an outer annular member rotatablej substantially without friction in one direction, means to latter.

rotate the same, an inner annular Ineinber,

fantifri'ctio'n bearings spacing'ith'e said an n'ulanmembers apart, arotatable friction member within the inner annularjmember and cooperating with the 'youteri annular member to permit limited free rotational,

movement thereof relative-"tothefriction member. s i 4.'A shock absorber comprising an outer annular member rotatable substantially without friction in one direction, meansto rotate the same, an'inner annularmember,

antifriction bearings spacing the said annular members apart, a rotatable friction member? within theinner annular member mi cooperating with the out'er annular 7 member to permit limited rotational move ment thereof relative to the friction member, and to restrain rotational movement of the outer member in one direct on in excess of the said limited movement.

" 5. In combination in a shockv ing freely rotatable in onedirection, means for preventing rotation of Q the said inner a V bsorber,ro tatable inner and outer members,l a rotatable friction member, the three said membersfbe member in the other direction, "means for rotating the outermember, theouter 'memiberhaving a lost'motion connectionjwith the said friction member for permitting lii'nited' freerotation. of the outer member in either direction relative thereto, and means 'fcooperating with the said inner friction members to resist frictionally' thelrotation of the outer memberin one'di'rectioi ex cess of the said limited free r votation. "1 6. A- shock absorber comprisinginfcoIm' bination an outer member '1 and {a ffrictioi member mounted for rotation in eitherJdi- I rection and having alost motion Ieng'agement with each other in eitherdirection, an

vinner member mounted for rotation in only i means to preyent' rotation of the inner mem: her in onedirect on, therotationf of the outer member in one direction ,with thef friction being fricti onally resisted member 7 8." A'shock absorber comprising; a metal casing, an outer annu'lUS vi'ot,adta'b'ly mounted in the casing, an inner annulusfrotatably mounted thefcasing" within the ont'er an n i f ctio em er.irle on y' s s the Sa d inner a lu' and h in a outwardly projectingj arm, spacedprojed tions on the outer annulus to engage the said arm, .and imeans to rotate the outer annulus to cause engagement of one of the said projections with the said arm on the friction member. .9,. A shock absorber comprising a casing, anou-ter annulus .rotatably mounted, therein, an inner annulus rotatably mounted Within the casing and outer annulus and having a disc integral therewith, a friction member including a metal disc and friction producing members on either side thereof, the said friction member being disposed within the said inner annulus and having an arm projecting radially .therebeyond, spaced projections on the outer annulus cooperating with the said arm, the said :outer annulus being rotatable for a limited distance in either direction before engaging with the said arm, and the said arm and friction member being freely rotatable with the outer annulus in one direction.

10. A shock absorber comprising a casing having .a detachable cover, a centrally d-is- ,posed stud in-the casing, a sleeve having .bearingengagement on the stud and formed integrally with a disc and annulus, alternately arranged metal .and friction discs about the said sleeve and within the .ananilus, one of the said metal discs having a radially extending arm, means for manually varying the frictional contact of the said metal and friction discs and the disc of the .said annulus, an outer annulus rotatably carried by antifriction means on the said inner annulus, projections on the outer annulus to engage the said arm, means for rotating the said outer annulus, and means for preventing rotation of the inner annulus in one direction.

11, A shock absorber comprising a metal casing having adetachable cover, a stud centrally disposed therein, a sleeve rotatably mounted on the stud and formed integrally with a disc and inner annulus, a friction producing disc about the sleeve and engaging the disc, a disc-like friction member about the sleeve and bearing :on :the said friction producing member, a second friction producing disc bearing against the friction member, a metal :disc keyed to the said sleeve and bearing on the said second friction producing member, an adjustable spring ,plate bearing against the said keyed plate, antifriction hearings on the outer surface of'the said inner'annulus, an outer annulus carried by the said bearings and having projections engaging the said arm of the frictionmember, means for rotating the outer annulus in either direction, and means carried by the casing for preventing rotation of the inner annulus in one direction.

12. 1A'shock absorber comprising in combination an outer member rotatable in either direction, .a cup-shaped inner member having an outer annular flange and disposed within the outer member .and spaced radially apart therefrom, the said inner member being rotatable in one direction, friction means disposed within the inner member and spaced radially apart from the said annular flange, and means cooperating with the said friction means and outer :memher to resist rotation of the outer member in one direction.

18. A shock absorber comprising in combination an outer member-rotatable in either direction, an inner member disposed Within the outer member and rotatable in one direction, the said inner member including ;a flange at its outer periphery, and means spaced radially apart from and inwardly of the said flange of the inner member, the said means cooperating with the inner and outer members 'fr'ictionally to resist .rotation of the router member in one direction.

14. A shock absorber comprising in combination an inner member composed of a disc having a flange at 'its outer periphery, antifriction means carried on the outer surface of the said flange, an outer member supported by the said antifriction means on the flange for rotation in either direction, and means disposed within the said flange, engaging the disc of the inner member, and cooperating with the outer member frictionally'to resist rotation of the outer member in one direction.

15. A shock absorber comprising in combination an inner memberrotatablein one direction and composed of a disc having a flange at its outer per'ip'her antifriction means carried on the outer surfaceof the said flange, an outer annular member surrounding the said flange of the inner .memher and supported by the said antifriction means on the flange for rotation in either direction, and means disposed Within the said flange, engaging the disc of the inner member, and cooperating with the outer member frictionally to resist rotation of the outer member in one direction.

16. A shock absorber comprising in combination an outer member rotatable in either direction, a cup-shaped inner member having an outer peripheral flange, the said inner member being rotatable in one direction and being disposed "inwardly of and spaced radially apart from the said outer member, a frictionmember rotatable in either direction and disposed within the said inner member and spaced radially apart from the said peripheral flange there-o of, and interengaging means connecting the said outer member and the said friction member for simultaneous movement'thereof, and for frictionally resisting rotation of the said outer member.

17. A shock absorber comprising a cas- 1ng having an integral back andside Wall and a detachable cover, a stud projecting into the said casing from the back Wall, an inner member composed of a disc having a flange at its outer periphery, the said inner member being rotatable about the said stud in one direction, antifriction members disposed on' the outer surface of the vsaid flange, an outer member supported onthe said antifriction" means for rotation about the said stud in either direction, and a member disposed Wi flange thereof for frictionally resisting rotation of the outer member in one direction.

18. A shock absorber comprising in com v him the said inner member; and spaced radially apart from the i said bination, an outer member rotatable in either direction, a cup-shaped inner mem ber having an outer annular flange and disposed within' the outer member and spaced radially apart therefrom, the said inner member being rotatable inv one direction, friction means disposed Within the inner member and spaced radially apart from said annular flange, and'means cooperating with the said innermem'ber and outer member in a manner to causethe-friction means to resist, frictionally the rotation of the outer 'member in one direction. 

